Ceratophyllum submersum

Description

Ceratophyllum submersum, also known as soft hornwort, is less commonly cultivated than Ceratophyllum demersum. It is widely distributed and thrives in stagnant waters with high nutrient levels that may occasionally dry up. This plant prefers warmer locations than C. demersum. The leaves of C. submersum fork three to four times and have 6-8 threadlike tips, whereas those of C. demersum fork only once or twice and have 3-4 tips. The leaves of C. submersum are finer, softer, and more flexible than those of C. demersum. The stems of C. submersum are light green, while those of C. demersum can be reddish-brown. Under strong lighting, the leaves of C. submersum may take on an orange-brown tint. This plant is a rapid grower and can thrive under moderate to high lighting conditions. It does not require CO2 supplementation but responds well to it. A high concentration of macronutrients in the water also accelerates growth. Due to its fast growth rate, C. submersum requires regular trimming or is suitable for larger tanks. Its stems branch relatively easily and can be used as a free-floating plant to provide cover for fish fry in breeding tanks.