Microsorum pteropus

Description

Microsorum pteropus, also known as Java fern, is found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, often growing on rocks or wood in rivulets and waterfalls. Some populations grow permanently submerged, while others occur as terrestrial plants on moist forest ground. This plant is widely popular among aquarium hobbyists and can be easily purchased at most aquarium shops. Java fern is highly variable, with different forms differing significantly in size and leaf shape. In the past, only the large-growing standard form was cultivated, but more recently, other smaller-growing and narrower-leaved varieties have been introduced. Microsorum pteropus is one of the easiest aquarium plants to cultivate, making it a great choice for beginner aquarists. It has low demands and can thrive in a range of lighting conditions. Like Anubias, Java fern develops a creeping rhizome that can be attached to rocks or driftwood using string. The plant can also be attached to the back or side glass of the tank using suckers. When planting M. pteropus in the substrate, it's essential to cover only the roots and not the rhizome, as this could cause rot. Microsorum pteropus does not require additional fertiliser or CO2, but moving water is beneficial for its growth. It can be cultivated emersed in terraria or paludaria as long as the substrate remains moist. Propagation is easiest done by cutting the rhizome apart with a sharp knife or scissors, and it also forms daughter plants on the underside and tips of its leaves. These daughter plants can be furthered by cutting them off the mother plant or snapping the midrib. Java fern provides many design options for aquascapers, as it can grow in places where other plants cannot. It's especially striking when planted on a piece of driftwood in the middle- or background of a tank.