Tonina fluviatilis

Description

Tonina fluviatilis originates from slow-flowing blackwater rivers in Mexico to northern South America, where it forms dense populations in shallow-water zones. This plant was first introduced by Japanese aquarists who recognized its beauty and suitability for aquatic layouts. It has a certain variability, with different location varieties known that differ slightly in habit. T. fluviatilis requires moderately soft water (total hardness of 5 or below), acidic substrate reactivity, and high light intensity (1 watt per liter or more). CO2 injection is necessary, and it can tolerate varying liquid fertilizer levels except for iron and micronutrients. It grows upright with occasional lateral shoots on its stem. To prevent overgrowing by neighboring plants, ensure sufficient lighting and avoid shading. Propagation involves cutting off lateral shoots and replanting shoot tips (5 cm long) in the substrate. This plant is suitable for Dutch-style tanks due to its moderate growth rate, upright habit, and adaptable height.